World’s Longest Land Dispute

India and China share the longest dispute over the years. It’s has been 58 years since they have fought their first fight, with Beijing claiming the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh and New Delhi considering China-controlled Aksai Chin as its territory, the border issues have lingered. But an uneasy peace has held since the two signed for a truce after the war in 1962.

The last major tension happened in 2014 at the LAC, when Indian workers began constructing a canal in the border village of Demchok, Ladakh and the Chinese army protested against the construction. The Indian Army claimed that the Chinese military had set up a camp 3 km inside a territory claimed by India. It ended in 3 weeks when both sides agreed to withdraw troops.

In June 2017, the conflict between the countries started again when Chinese troops entered Doklam and began constructing the road in the disputed area. 270, troops of the Indian Army entered Doklam to stop Chinese troops from constructing the road. Bhutan protested to the Chinese government to stop the construction in the disputed area.

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According to the Bhutanese government, the Chinese tried to extend a road that was previously terminated at Doklam. The Bhutanese border was put on a high alert and the border security was tightened, on the very same day, China’s External Minister released a map’s picture showing Doklam as a part of China. On 30 June, the Ministry of External Affairs of India released a statement stating charges on Chinese for changing the status of quo in violation of a 2012 understanding between both the countries.

A long standoff ended on 28 August 2017 after China agreed to halt the road building activities at Doklam section. After 3 years of harmony, India and China have been locked in a border dispute. Since April 2020 soldiers are engaged in conflicts on several points on the mountain borders. Both nations share a 3,500-kilometer unmarked area. India introduced reinforcements in Ladakh and North Sikkim in the apprehension of an additional rise in stress over the face-off which started on the night of 5th May 2020.

The violent conflict involving between Indian and Chinese troopers following their violent face-off at in Ladakh and left many of them injured. The violent clashes between the two countries’ troops erupted in Ladakh when both sides patrolled the border areas. 11 soldiers, including four Indians and seven Chinese, were injured after a face-off near Nathu La in the Sikkim sector on 8th May.

What actually happened in the Galwan Valley?

The Galwan valley lies along the western sector of the LAC and close to Aksai Chin, it is a severe cold plateau with an average altitude of more than 5000 meters. A disputed is claimed by India but it is controlled by China. The Chinese and Indian armed forces fought against the Galwan Valley, and the elite 114 brigade of the Indian Army was defeated.

On May 18th China accused India of trespassing and illegally building defense facilities. The violent face-off took place during the process of patrolling in the Galwan Valley and resulted in casualties on both sides. Since then the conflict is not finding its peace.

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Can India defeat China?

In this critical situation, India is in a much stronger shape than China. As of now, India maintains a large number of military and paramilitary troops in the plateaus, mountain passes, and valleys that provide the potential points of trans-Himalayan; China following its rule on defense stations the bulk of its extraordinary forces in its interior, to go forward in the event of a conflict.

The Indian Navy is considered to be a capable and balanced maritime force, with 137 ships and submarines and 291 aircraft are under their command. India has a strong air position, in large part due to the relative scarcity of Chinese air-based infrastructure in the Tibetan Region and to the severe operational conditions, both in terms of fuel and cargo vehicle capacity, activated from operating fighter aircraft at extreme altitudes.

Comparing the fourth generation fighter jets, China’s J-10 fighter is comparable to India’s Mirage-2000, and that the Indian Su-30MKI is superior to all Chinese fighters, including the additional J-11 and Su-27 models. Numerically also, India holds an advantage.